As several suspected cases of monkeypox have been found in the U.S., some parents may understandably have some questions.
Here, Dr. Maryann Davies, a CHOC pediatrician, answers parents’ questions about Monkeypox, its signs and symptoms, and if they should be worried.
What is monkeypox?
Monkeypox is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It got its name when it was discovered in lab monkeys in 1958. This virus is similar to the one that causes smallpox, but is less contagious and usually causes a milder disease.
Monkeypox cases typically are most common in central and western Africa, in those who recently traveled to those areas, and in people who’ve had contact with imported animals. But recent cases of monkeypox have happened outside of Africa in people who have not traveled.
What are the signs & symptoms of monkeypox?
Monkeypox causes fever, headache, body aches, swollen lymph nodes and a rash. The rash begins as flat spots that turn into bumps, which then fill with fluid and become blisters. The bumps crust and fall off as they heal. Usually, people feel better within 2 to 4 weeks. But sometimes the virus can make a person severely ill.
How does monkeypox spread?
The monkeypox virus can spread from close contact with infected people or animals.
Someone can become infected if they:
- Breathe in the virus.
- Have contact with blood, body fluids (such as during sexual contact) or fluid from the blisters.
- Use bedding or other items contaminated by the virus.
It can take five to 21 days after exposure for symptoms to start, and the illness itself can last several weeks.
How is monkeypox treated?
Generally, there are no treatments specifically for monkeypox infections. However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control recommends children younger than 8 and those with weakened immune systems (such as those with advanced HIV, cancer or organ transplants) receive an antiviral medication called tecovirimat (TOPOXX) because they are considered to be at a higher risk of infection.
Should we worry about getting monkeypox?
So far, monkeypox infections are very rare. Previous outbreaks have ended quickly, without putting many people at risk of getting the infection.
Although a monkeypox outbreak in the U.S. is not a cause for alarm at this time, parents should be aware of any new rashes or symptoms and contact their healthcare provider with any concerns.
Can monkeypox be prevented?
Families can take these steps to prevent getting monkeypox:
- Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with people who have a rash that looks like monkeypox. This includes touching the rash or scabs of someone with monkeypox; kissing, hugging or cuddling someone with monkeypox; or sharing cups or eating utensils with a person who has monkeypox.
- Avoid handling or touching bedding, towels or clothing of a person with monkeypox.
- Remain vigilant about washing hands thoroughly and often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Smallpox vaccines are effective against monkeypox infection, and a vaccine created to prevent both smallpox and monkeypox is available if needed because of an outbreak. In June 2022, the White House released a National Monkeypox Vaccine Strategy. People who have been exposed to the virus and people who are at higher risk of being exposed are recommended to receive the vaccine. Read more about vaccine availability in Orange County here.
What should I do if my child or I get monkeypox?
Call your healthcare provider and isolate at home.
Those with an active rash or other symptoms should stay in a separate room or area in the house from family members and pets.
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